110第十課 聖靈與基督的工作
LECTURE 10 THE
HOLY SPIRIT AND
THE WORK OF CHRIST
引言INTRODUCTION
約翰福音是否可靠的歷史根據問題 – 已有 一個世紀的學術討論。
John’s Gospel – a century of academic debate about the historical
trustworthiness.
在研究新約聖經主旨時，若還以約翰福音起始，就會顯得過時落伍了。
It is unfashionable to start with John when exploring New Testament
themes.
一般慣常的作法，是透過馬太，馬可及路加福音，有時也透過彼得和保羅的書信，去研究約翰的見證。
The convention: work up to the study of John’s witness via Matthew,
Mark, Luke’s two volumes, and sometimes Peter and Paul, too.
可是﹕But –
對於約翰的記載，我們看不出有任何充分理由去懷疑它的真確性。
No good reason to doubt the authenticity or the intrinsic clarity of
what John records.
約翰福音記載了耶穌親口說的話，位我們提供了理解聖靈職事的重要線索。
In John Gospel, from Jesus’ lips, the vital clue for understanding the
ministry of the Spirit is given.
約翰告訴我們，耶穌在祂被賣的一夜，向十一門徒說了一段很長的話，表示自己將要離開他們，進入榮耀中；並論到他們未來的門徒生命將會如何。
Jesus spoke
about the disciple’ future discipleship, in the light of his own imminent
departure to glory (John chapters 13-16).
耶穌好幾次提到保惠師，即是祂所說﹕真理的靈，和聖靈。
He referred
several times to the Paraclete, whom he identified as the Spirit of truth and
the Holy Spirit.
約14:17 – 真理的靈Spirit of
truth
就是真理的聖靈, 乃世人不能接受的. 因為不見祂, 也不認識祂. 你們卻認識祂. 因祂常與你們同在, 也要在你們裡面.
約John 15: 26 – 真理的靈Spirit of truth
但我要從父那裡差保惠師來, 就是從父出來真裡的聖靈. 祂來了, 就為我作見證.
約John 16: 13 – 真理的靈Spirit of truth
只等真理的聖靈來了, 祂要引導你們明白(原文作進入)一切的真理. 因為不是憑自己說的, 乃是把他所聽見的都說出來. 並要把將來的事告訴你們.
約John 14: 26 – 聖靈Holy Spirit
但保惠師, 就是父因我的名所要差來的聖靈, 祂要將一切的事, 指教你們並且要叫你們想起我對你們所說的一切話.
耶穌說﹕在祂離去以後，天父會因著祂（聖子）的要求而差派保惠師來。
The Paraclete would be
sent by the Father at his (the Son’s) personal request, following his own
departure.
約John 14: 16
我要求父, 父就另外賜給你們一位保惠師, (或作訓慰師下同)叫祂永遠與你們同在.
約John 14:26
但保惠師, 就是父因我的名所要差來的聖靈, 祂要將一切的事, 指教你們並且要叫你們想起我對你們所說的一切話.
因此，我們可以說﹕聖靈是由聖子差派的一位天父的使者。
The Paraclete
could be said to be sent by the Son as the Fahter’s agent.
約John 15: 26
但我要從父那裡差保惠師來, 就是從父出來真裡的聖靈. 祂來了, 就為我作見證.
約John 16: 7
然而我將真情告訴你們. 我去是與你們有益的. 我若不去, 保惠師就不你們這裡來. 我若去, 就差祂來.
耶穌說，祂會 “因我的名” 受差遣。
He would be
sent “in My name.”
約John 14: 26
但保惠師, 就是父因我的名所要差來的聖靈, 祂要將一切的事, 指教你們並且要叫你們想起我對你們所說的一切話.
意即是說﹕祂是耶穌的信差，發言人，和代表。祂將永遠與耶穌的門徒同在。
That is: as
Jesus’ courier, spokesman, and representative.
He would
stay with Jesus’ disciples forever.
約John 14:16
我要求父, 父就另外賜給你們一位保惠師, (或作訓慰師下同)叫祂永遠與你們同在.
藉著祂的降臨，耶穌 – 他們榮耀的主 – 會真實地住在他們中間。
Through his
coming to them, Jesus himself, their glorified Lord, would actually return to
them.
約John 14: 18-23
18 我不撇下你們為孤兒, 我必到你們這裡來.
19 還有不多的時候, 世人不再看見我. 你們卻看見我. 因為我活著, 你們也要活著.
20 到那日你們就知道我在父裡面, 你們在我裡面, 我也在你們裡面.
21 有了我的命令又遵守的, 這人就是愛我的. 愛我的必蒙我父愛他, 我也要愛他, 並
且要向他顯現.
22 猶大 (不是加略人猶大) 問耶穌說, 主阿, 為甚麼要向我們顯現, 不向世顯現呢.
23 耶穌回答說, 人若愛我, 就必遵守我的道. 我父也必愛他, 並且我們要到那裡去,
與他同住.
在聖靈的新約職事中（這正是耶穌所講述的），聖靈會隱藏自己，而將人的注意力校正在耶穌身上，把人帶進信，望，愛，順服，敬拜和委身的生活中，以致與基督深深密契。
In his new
covenant ministry (for this is what Jesus was talking about), the Spirit would
be self-effacing, directing all attention away from himself to Christ, and
drawing folk into the faith, hope, love, obedience, adoration, and dedication,
which constitute communion with Christ.
* 這就是（中譯﹕仍舊是）衡量所謂 『屬靈』運動，並所謂『屬靈』經歷的主要標準。
This
remains the criterion by which the authenticity of supposed “spiritual”
movements, and of supposedly “spiritual” experiences, may be gauged.
凡願意遵行上帝話語者，都表明他們是愛上帝的。聖靈會使他們（中譯﹕幫助他們）真實地經歷基督的同在，並與基督和天父相交。
The Spirit
would make the presence of Christ, and fellowship with him and his Father,
realities of experience for those who, by obeying his words, showed that they
loved him.
約John 14:21-23
21 有了我的命令又遵守的, 這人就是愛我的. 愛我的必蒙我父愛他, 我也要愛他, 並
且要向他顯現.
22 猶大 (不是加略人猶大) 問耶穌說, 主阿, 為甚麼要向我們顯現, 不向世顯現呢.
23 耶穌回答說, 人若愛我, 就必遵守我的道. 我父也必愛他, 並且我們要到那裡去,
與他同住.
* 這是基督徒獲得獨特經歷的保證（charter, 中譯﹕『途徑』），約翰已親自為這種經歷作見證﹕
This is the
charter for that quality of Christian experience to which John himself
testified.
約壹I John 1:3
我們將所看見, 所聽見的, 傳給你們, 使你們與我們相交, 我們乃是與父並他兒子耶穌基督相交的.
這是基督給我們眾人的挑戰，叫我們尋求這種親身體驗的相交生活，而不單單滿足於次等的基督徒生活。
It comes as
Christ’s challenge to us all, to seek this experienced fellowship, and settle
for nothing less.
耶穌在世上三年的事奉中，曾經不斷教導人，同樣，聖靈也負責教導的工作。
The Spirit
would teach, as Jesus had taught for the three precious years of his ministry
on earth.
聖靈教導的方式是使門徒回想並了解耶穌曾經說過的話。
The
Spirit’s way of teaching would be to make disciples recall and comprehend what
Jesus himself had said.
約John 14:26
但保惠師, 就是父因我的名所要差來的聖靈, 祂要將一切的事, 指教你們並且要叫你們想起我對你們所說的一切話.
參Cf. 約John
16:13 – 耶穌所說『一切的真理』﹕
只等真理的聖靈來了, 祂要引導你們明白(原文作進入) 一切的真理. 因為祂不是憑自己說的, 乃是把祂所聽見的都說出來. 並要把將來的事告訴你們.
約16﹕13 『一切的真理』 ﹕類似約14﹕26的 『一切的事』。意思並不說『要知道所有任何事情”』。而是指『所有你需要知道有關我的事』。
“All the
truth.” “All things” = not
“all there is to know about anything,” but “all you need to know about me.”
『將來的事』
並非 『將來要發生在你們身上的事』，而是『將要發生在我身上的事』﹕十字架，復活，作王，再來，復興萬事。
“The things that are
to come” = not “what awaits you,” but “what awaits me” – the cross, the
resurrection, the reign, the return, the restoring of all things.
今天，林林總總的所謂基督教神學思想爭相吸引我們的注意力。我們應用上述方法去試驗聖靈在這一切神學思想裏到底佔了什麼地位。
This is the
test that will show how much of the Spirit there is, in each of the various
types of supposedly Christian theology.
* 聖靈會為基督作見證，使眾人知道那像囚犯一樣受刑釘死的基督，實際上並非罪人。祂復活後進入天父的榮耀中，證明（中譯﹕就證明）祂是正義無罪的。祂藉著十字架上的審判，驅逐了世界的黑暗之主，並成為世界的審判著。
The Spirit would attest Christ in the manner of a witness, causing folk to know that though crucified as a
criminal, he was not in any way a sinner, that he was in fact vindicated as
righteous by his return to the Father’s glory, that he began to fulfill his
role as the world’s judge by the judgment, carried out on the cross, which dethroned
the world’s dark lord, and that failure to acknowledge him in these terms is
the sin of unbelief.
約John 12:31
現在這世界受審判. 這世界的王要被趕出去.
凡拒絕承認這些真理的都犯了不信的罪。
約John 15:27
你們也要作見證, 因為你們從起頭就與我同在.
約John 16: 8-11
8 祂既來了, 就要叫世人為罪, 為義, 為審判, 自己責備自己.
9 為罪, 是因他們不信我.
10 為義, 是因我往父那裡去, 你們就不再見我.
* 作見證的靈（中譯﹕那帶著見證的靈）這樣（中譯﹕無形中）成了世人的起訴者，讓世人醒悟到拒絕耶穌，或不以認真態度對祂是何等嚴重的罪。
The witnessing Spirit would hereby act as humanity’s prosecutor, working in heart after heart the verdict “I
was wrong; I am guilty; I need forgiveness” as he brings home the enormity of
rejecting Jesus or at least not taking him seriously enough.
約John 16: 8
祂既來了, 就要叫世人為罪, 為義, 為審判, 自己責備自己.
* 聖靈在一個又一個的心靈中工作，叫人知罪，承認﹕
『我錯了；我有罪（中譯﹕我有罪了）；我需要上帝的赦免。』這是聖靈在福音工作中協助人信主的應許。
This is a promise of the Spirit’s aid in evangelism.
祂說服人，及使人扎心知罪（中譯﹕使人認認罪的方式），是透過教會傳遞使徒的信息（中文翻譯加﹕去說服人接受基督）。而聖靈的見證，是藉著作見證的基督徒將真理展示在人們的心思意念中。
* 聖靈奇妙地開啟人心靈的耳朵（中譯﹕然後聖靈就開啟眾人心靈的耳朵），使真理在每個罪人的良心裏運行。
His way of convincing and
convicting is through Christian persuading, as the Church relays the
apostolic message.
His witness is a matter of his opening the inward ear, and applying to
the individual conscience the truths that witnessing Christians set before the
mind.
約John 15: 27
你們也要作見證, 因為你們從起頭就與我同在.
約John 17: 20
我不但為這些人祈求, 也為那些因他們的話信我的人祈求.
故此，聖靈使要榮耀那榮耀的救主。
Thus – the
Spirit would glorify the glorified Savior.
約John 16:14
祂要榮耀我. 因為祂要將受於我的, 告訴你們.
一方面，聖靈將關於基督的真理闡釋清楚，另方面，祂開啟人愚昧的心竅去接受真理。由始至終，主基督耶穌都是聖靈職事的焦點。
Acting both
as interpreter to make clear the truth about him, and as illuminator to ensure
that benighted minds receive it. Jesus, the Lord Christ, would be the
focal point of the Spirit’s ministry, first to last.
關於聖靈這方面的職事，耶穌在地上地時候，聖靈『還沒有賜下』。
The Spirit
was “not yet” in this role while Jesus was on earth.
約John 7:39
耶穌這話是指著信他之人, 要受聖靈說的, 那時還沒有賜下聖靈來. 因為耶穌尚未得著榮耀.
直至天父榮耀了基督，聖靈才開始祂的工作，使人醒覺到耶穌的榮耀。
Only when
the Father had glorified him could the Spirit’s work of making men aware of
Jesus’ glory begin.
約John 17: 1, 5
1 耶穌說了這話, 就舉目望天說, 父阿, 時候到了. 願你榮耀你的兒子, 使兒子也榮耀
你.
5 父阿, 現在求你使我同你享榮耀, 就是未有世界以先, 我同你所有的榮耀.
聖靈的信息永不是﹕
『看我，聽我，來就我，來認識我。』
The
Spirit’s message is never: “Look at me; listen to me; come to me; get to know
me.”
而是﹕ 『看祂，看祂的榮耀；聽祂，留心祂的話語；來就近祂，得著生命；認識祂，嘗嘗祂所賜的喜樂和平安。』
It is
always: “Look at him, and see his glory;
listen to him, and hear his word; go
to him, and have life; get to know him, and taste his gift of joy and
peace.”
聖靈作為第二位保惠師，經常引領我們來到原本的保惠師面前。這位原本的保惠師常常藉著第二位保惠師第降臨就近我們。
As the
second Paraclete, the Spirit leads us constantly to the original paraclete, who
himself draws near through the second Paraclete’s coming to us.
約John 14:18
我不撇下你們為孤兒, 我必到你們這裡來.
*聖靈使我們能辨明第一位保惠師，感動我們伸出我們的手，與那位作在寶座上的，與我們相遇的保惠師相交；這樣，聖靈按照基督自己的話榮耀基督。
（中譯﹕聖靈幫助我們辨出原來的保惠師，又在這位保惠師從祂的寶座下來與我們相遇時，感動我們向祂伸出雙手；就這樣，聖靈照著基督的話榮耀基督。）
Thus, by enabling
us to discern the first Paraclete, and by moving us to stretch out our hands to
him as he comes from his throne to meet us, the Holy Spirit glorifies Christ,
according to Christ’s own word.
閱讀：
巴刻，《活在聖靈中》，第2章，『聖經裡的聖靈』：『聖靈與基督』部分（至『聖靈與基督徒』之前止）。
網上閱讀此書：www.cclw.net/book/hzslz/index.html，或：
www.godoor.net 。參：『經典舊站』 / 神學文獻 / 神學資料。