030 第三十課 稱義（續）：稱義的根據
Lecture 30 JUSTIFICATION
(continued): THE GROUND OF JUSTIFICATION
Justification is a
constitutive act.
1.
使人得救的稱義，需要人被再造 (re-constituted)。
Soteric justification requires a
constitutive act.
2. 使人成為義﹕To make
righteous:
羅5﹕19
因一人的悖逆，眾人成為罪人，照樣，因一人的順從，眾人也成為義了。
Romans 5:19
For as through the one man's disobedience the many
were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the One the many will be
made righteous.
上下文﹕羅5﹕17-18
17 若因一人的過犯，死就因一人作了王，何況那些受洪恩又蒙所賜之義的，豈不更要因耶穌基督一人在生命中作王麼？
18 如此說來，因一次的過犯，眾人都被定罪，照樣，因一人的義行，眾人也就被稱義得生命了。
Context: Romans 5:17-18
17 For if by the transgression of the one, death
reigned through the one, much more those who receive the abundance of grace and
of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.
18 So then as through one transgression there
resulted condemnation to all men, even so through one act of righteousness
there resulted justification of life to all men.
3. 上帝使人成為義人的工作，乃是將基督的義歸算給人。
Constitutive act is the imputation
of righteousness.
羅4﹕6
正如大衛稱那在行為以外，蒙上帝算為義的人是有福的。
Romans
4:6
just as David also speaks of the blessing on the
man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:
-- 有了新的關係，需要宣告。
-- New relation
warrants declaration.
--
新的關係，必需有宣告。
-- New relation demands declaration.
--
新的關係，是宣告的保證。
-- New relation
assures declaration.
4. 上帝稱義，包括使人成為義。
Justification
includes the constitutive act.
羅5﹕16
因一人犯罪就定罪，也不如恩賜。原來審判是由一人而定罪，恩賜乃是由許多過犯而稱義。
Rom.
5:16
The gift is not like {that which came} through the
one who sinned; for on the one hand the judgment {arose} from one
{transgression} resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the free gift
{arose} from many transgressions resulting in justification.
1. 上帝稱我們為義，不是因為我們本身有什麼義。
Ground is not inherent
righteousness.
a. 天主教的觀點﹕稱義是在我們裏面生出義；把義灌注在我們裏。
Generated,
infused in us (Roman Catholic view).
b. 稱義的根據，也不是我們自己（藉行為）作成的義。
The
ground of justification is also not righteousness worked up by us – springing
from us.
羅3﹕20
所以凡有血氣的沒有一個，因行律法，能在上帝面前稱義。因為律法本是叫人知罪。
Rom. 3:20
because by the works of the Law no flesh will be
justified in His sight; for through the Law {comes} the knowledge of sin.
羅4﹕2
倘若亞伯拉罕是因行為稱義，就有可誇的。只是在上帝面前並無可誇。
Rom. 4:2
For if Abraham was justified by works, he has
something to boast about, but not before God.
羅10﹕3-4
3
因為不知道上帝的義，想要立自己的義，就不服上帝的義了。
4
律法的總結就是基督，使凡信祂的都得著義。
Rom. 10:3-4
3 For not knowing about God's righteousness and
seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the
righteousness of God.
4 For
Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.
加2﹕16
既知道人稱義，不是因行律法，乃是因信耶穌基督，連我們也信了基督耶穌，使我們因信基督稱義，不因行律法稱義。因為凡有血氣的，沒有一人因行律法稱義。
Gal. 2:16
Nevertheless
knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the Law but through faith in Christ
Jesus, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, so that we may be justified by
faith in Christ and not by the works of the Law; since by the works of the Law
no flesh will be justified.
加3﹕11
沒有一個人靠著律法在上帝面前稱義，這是明顯的。因為經上說﹕義人必因信得生。
Gal. 3:11
Now that no one is justified by the Law before God
is evident; for, “THE RIGHTEOUS MAN SHALL LIVE BY FAITH.”
加5﹕4
你們這要靠律法稱義的，是與基督隔絕，從恩典中墮落了。
Gal. 5:4
You
have been severed from Christ, you who are seeking to be justified by law; you
have fallen from grace.
腓3﹕9
並且得以在祂裏面，不是有自己因律法而得的義，乃是有信基督的義，就是因信上帝而來的義。
Phil.
3:9
and
may be found in Him, not having a righteousness of my own derived from {the}
Law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which {comes}
from God on the basis of faith,
多3﹕5
祂便救了我們，並不是因我們自己所行的義，乃是照祂的憐憫，藉著重生的洗，和聖靈的更新。
Titus 3:5
He
saved us, not on the basis of deeds which we have done in righteousness, but
according to His mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy
Spirit,
信心 vs. 行為？
Antithesis: faith vs. works
(biblical works)
羅2﹕13
原來在上帝面前，不是聽律法的為義，乃是行律法的稱義。
Rom. 2:13
for
{it is} not the hearers of the Law {who} are just before God, but the doers of
the Law will be justified.
羅7﹕10
那本來叫人活的誡命，反倒叫我死。
Rom. 7:10
and
this commandment, which was to result in life, proved to result in death for
me;
羅10﹕5
摩西寫著說﹕人若行那出於律法的義，就必因此活著。
Rom. 10:5
For
Moses writes that the man who practices the righteousness which is based on law
shall live by that righteousness.
2. 稱義的根據，必需是在人以外的義，是被歸算給人的。
Ground must be an alien
righteousness. Righteousness must
be imputed.
a. 稱義是本乎恩典。
Justification is said to be by
grace.
羅3﹕24-26
24 如今卻蒙上帝的恩典，因基督耶穌的救贖，就白白的稱義。
25 上帝設立耶穌作挽回祭，是憑著耶穌順血，藉著人的信，要顯明上帝的義。因為祂用忍耐的信，寬容人先時所犯的罪。
26 好在今時顯明祂的義，使人知道祂自己為義，也稱信耶穌的人為義。
Rom. 3:24-26
24
being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in
Christ Jesus;
25
whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith. {This
was} to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He
passed over the sins previously committed;
26
for the demonstration, {I say,} of His righteousness at the present time, so
that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.
羅5﹕15-21
15 只是過犯不如恩賜。若因一人的過犯，眾人都死了，何況上帝的恩典，與那因耶穌基督一人恩典中的賞賜，豈不更加倍的臨到眾人麼？
16 因一人犯罪就定罪，也不如恩賜。原來審判是由一人而定罪，恩賜乃是由許多過犯而稱義。
17 若因一人的過犯，死就因一人作了王，何況那些受洪恩又蒙所賜之義的，豈不更要因耶穌基督一人在生命中作王麼？
18 如此說來，因一次的過犯，眾人都被定罪，照樣，因一次的義行，眾人也就被稱義得生命了。
19 因一人的悖逆，眾人成為罪人，照樣，因一人的順從，眾人也成為義了。
20
律法本是外添的，叫過犯顯多。只是罪在那裏顯多，恩典就更顯多了。
21 就如罪作王叫人死，照樣，恩典也藉著義作王，叫人因我們的主耶穌基督得永生。
Rom. 5:15-21
15
But the free gift is not like the transgression. For if by the transgression of
the one the many died, much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace
of the one Man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many.
16
The gift is not like {that which came} through the one who sinned; for on the
one hand the judgment {arose} from one {transgression} resulting in
condemnation, but on the other hand the free gift {arose} from many
transgressions resulting in justification.
17
For if by the transgression of the one, death reigned through the one, much
more those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness
will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.
18 So then as through one transgression
there resulted condemnation to all men, even so through one act of
righteousness there resulted justification of life to all men.
19
For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through
the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.
20
The Law came in so that the transgression would increase; but where sin
increased, grace abounded all the more,
21
so that, as sin reigned in death, even so grace would reign through
righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
b. 稱義，是在基督裏稱義。
Justification
is in Jesus Christ.
徒13﹕39
你們靠摩西的律法，在一切不得稱義的事上，信靠這人，就都得稱義了。
Acts
13:39
and
through Him everyone who believes is freed from all things, from which you
could not be freed through the Law of Moses.
羅8﹕1
如今那些在基督耶穌裏的，就不定罪了。
Rom. 8:1
Therefore there is now no
condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
加2﹕17
我們若求在基督裏稱義，卻仍舊事罪人，難道基督是叫人犯罪的麼？斷乎不是。
Gal. 2:17
“But
if, while seeking to be justified in Christ, we ourselves have also been found
sinners, is Christ then a minister of sin? May it never be!
弗1﹕7
我們藉這愛子的血，得蒙救贖，過犯得以赦免，乃是照祂豐富的恩典。
Eph. 1:7
In
Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses,
according to the riches of His grace
--
我們在基督裏與祂聯合；在基督裏，上帝將基督的義歸算給我們。
-- In union with Christ, Christ’s
righteousness is imputed to us.
-- 與基督聯合是奧秘，但不是神秘主義。上帝歸算基督的義，因為基督已經
成就了救贖大工。
-- Union
– mysterious, but not mysticism.
Righteousness, imputed, proceeds
from Christ’s redemptive accomplishment.
羅3﹕24-25
24 如今卻蒙恩典，因基督耶穌的救贖，救白白的稱義。
25 上帝設立耶穌作挽回祭，是憑著耶穌的血，藉著人的信，要顯明上帝的義。因為祂用忍耐的信，寬容人先時所犯的罪。
Rom.
3:24-25
24
being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in
Christ Jesus;
25
whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith. {This
was} to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He
passed over the sins previously committed;
羅5﹕9
現在我們既靠這祂的血稱義，就更要藉這祂免去上帝的忿怒。
Rom. 5:9
Much
more then, having now been justified by His blood, we shall be saved from the
wrath {of God} through Him.
羅8﹕33-34
33
誰能控告上帝所揀選的人呢？又上帝稱他們為義了。
34 誰能定他們的罪呢？有基督耶穌已經死了，而且從死裏復活，現今在上帝的右邊，也替我們祈求。
Rom. 8:33-34
33 Who will bring a charge against
God's elect? God is the one who justifies;
34
who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was
raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes for us.
林後5﹕18-21
18 一切都是出於上帝，祂藉著基督使我們與祂和好，又將勸人與祂和好的職分賜給我們。
19 這就是上帝在基督裏，叫世人與自己和好，不將他們的過犯歸到他們身上。並且將這和好的道理託付了我們。
20 所以我們作基督的使者，就好像上帝藉我們勸你們一般。我們替基督求你們與上帝和好。
21
上帝使那無罪的，替我們成為罪。好叫我們在祂裏面成為上帝的義。
II Cor. 5:18-21
18
Now all {these} things are from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ
and gave us the ministry of reconciliation,
19
namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not counting
their trespasses against them, and He has committed to us the word of
reconciliation.
20
Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were making an appeal
through us; we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.
21
He made Him who knew no sin {to be} sin on our behalf, so that we might become
the righteousness of God in Him.
-- 藉著祂的血，或﹕在祂的血裏。意思是﹕藉著祂成就了救贖。
-- “In his blood” means – “in his
redemptive accomplishment.”
c. 上帝所歸算給人的，是祂自己的義。
It is the righteousness of God that
is imputed.
羅1﹕17
因為上帝的義，正在這福音上顯明出來。這義使本於信，以致於信。如經上所記﹕義人必因信得生。
Rom. 1:17
For
in it {the} righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is
written, “BUT THE RIGHTEOUS {man} SHALL LIVE BY FAITH.”
羅3﹕21，22
21
但如今上帝的義在律法以外已經顯明出來，又律法和先知為證。
22
就是上帝的義，因信耶穌基督，加給一切相信的人，並沒有分別。
Rom. 3:21, 22
21
But now apart from the Law {the} righteousness of God has been manifested,
being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets,
22
even {the} righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who
believe; for there is no distinction;
羅10﹕3
因為不知道上帝的義，想要立自己的義，就不服上帝的義了。
Rom. 10:3
For
not knowing about God's righteousness and seeking to establish their own, they
did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God.
林後5﹕21
上帝使那無罪的，替我們成為罪。好叫我們在祂裏面成為上帝的義。
II Cor. 5:21
He
made Him who knew no sin {to be} sin on our behalf, so that we might become the
righteousness of God in Him.
腓3﹕9
並且得以在祂裏面，不是又自己因律法而得的義，乃是又信基督的義，就是因信上帝而來的義。
Phil. 3:9
and
may be found in Him, not having a righteousness of my own derived from {the}
Law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which {comes}
from God on the basis of faith,
d. 所歸算的義是﹕基督的義。
It is the righteousness of Jesus
Christ that is imputed.
羅5﹕17-19
17 若因一人的過犯，死就因這一人作了王，何況那些受洪恩又蒙所賜之義的，豈不更因耶穌基督一人在生命中作王麼？
18 如此說來，因一次的過犯，眾人都悖定罪。照樣，因一次的義行，眾人也就被稱義得生命了。
19 因一人的悖逆，眾人成為罪人。照樣，因一人的順從，眾人也成為義了。
Rom. 5:17-19
17
For if by the transgression of the one, death reigned through the one, much
more those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness
will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.
18
So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to all men,
even so through one act of righteousness there resulted justification of life
to all men.
19
For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so
through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.
林後5﹕21
上帝使那無罪的，替我們成為罪。好叫我們在祂裏面成為上帝的義。
II Cor. 5:21
He
made Him who knew no sin {to be} sin on our behalf, so that we might become the
righteousness of God in Him.
e. 林後5﹕21 在基督裏，我們成為上帝的義。
II
Cor. 5:21 In Jesus Christ we become the righteousness of God.
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